English
norskBlar i forfatter "Forbes, Bruce C."
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Circum-Arctic distribution of chemical anti-herbivore compounds suggests biome-wide trade-off in defence strategies in Arctic shrubs
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2022-08-30)Spatial variation in plant chemical defence towards herbivores can help us understand variation in herbivore top–down control of shrubs in the Arctic and possibly also shrub responses to global warming. Less defended, non-resinous shrubs could be more influenced by herbivores than more defended, resinous shrubs. However, sparse field measurements limit our current understanding of how much of the ... -
Climate change in context: putting people first in the Arctic
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2019-03-06)Climate change is a major challenge to Arctic and other Indigenous peoples, but not the only and often not the most pressing one. We propose re-framing the treatment of climate change in policy and research, to make sure health, poverty, education, cultural vitality, equity, justice, and other topics highlighted by the people themselves and not just climate science also get the attention they ... -
Complexity revealed in the greening of the Arctic
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2020-01-31)As the Arctic warms, vegetation is responding, and satellite measures indicate widespread greening at high latitudes. This ‘greening of the Arctic’ is among the world’s most important large-scale ecological responses to global climate change. However, a consensus is emerging that the underlying causes and future dynamics of so-called Arctic greening and browning trends are more complex, variable ... -
Plant functional trait change across a warming tundra biome
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2018-09-26)The tundra is warming more rapidly than any other biome on Earth, and the potential ramifications are far-reaching because of global feedback effects between vegetation and climate. A better understanding of how environmental factors shape plant structure and function is crucial for predicting the consequences of environmental change for ecosystem functioning. Here we explore the biome-wide relationships ... -
Shrub expansion in tundra ecosystems : dynamics, impacts and research priorities
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2011)Recent research using repeat photography, long-term ecological monitoring and dendrochronology has documented shrub expansion in arctic, high-latitude and alpine tundra ecosystems. Here, we (1) synthesize these findings, (2) present a conceptual framework that identifies mechanisms and constraints on shrub increase, (3) explore causes, feedbacks and implications of the increased shrub cover in tundra ... -
Stomping in silence: Conceptualizing trampling effects on soils in polar tundra
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2020-11-24)<ol> <li>Ungulate trampling modifies soils and interlinked ecosystem functions across biomes. Until today, most research has focused on temperate ecosystems and mineral soils while trampling effects on cold and organic matter‐rich tundra soils remain largely unknown.</li><p> <p><li>We aimed to develop a general model of trampling effects on soil structure, biota, microclimate and biogeochemical ... -
Traditional plant functional groups explain variation in economic but not size‐related traits across the tundra biome
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2018-11-16)<p><i>Aim - </i>Plant functional groups are widely used in community ecology and earth system modelling to describe trait variation within and across plant communities. However, this approach rests on the assumption that functional groups explain a large proportion of trait variation among species. We test whether four commonly used plant functional groups represent variation in six ecologically ... -
Trophic interactions and abiotic factors drive functional and phylogenetic structure of vertebrate herbivore communities across the Arctic tundra biome
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2019-04-29)Communities are assembled from species that evolve or colonise a given geographic region, and persist in the face of abiotic conditions and interactions with other species. The evolutionary and colonisation histories of communities are characterised by phylogenetic diversity, while functional diversity is indicative of abiotic and biotic conditions. The relationship between functional and phylogenetic ... -
Tundra Trait Team: A database of plant traits spanning the tundra biome
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2018-10-22)<p><i>Motivation</i>: The Tundra Trait Team (TTT) database includes field‐based measurements of key traits related to plant form and function at multiple sites across the tundra biome. This dataset can be used to address theoretical questions about plant strategy and trade‐offs, trait–environment relationships and environmental filtering, and trait variation across spatial scales, to validate satellite ... -
What are the impacts of reindeer/caribou (Rangifer tarandus L.) on arctic and alpine vegetation? A systematic review protocol
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2013)Abstract Background: Reindeer and caribou (both belonging to the species Rangifer tarandus L.) are among the most important large herbivores in Eurasia’s and North America’s arctic, alpine and boreal zones. In Sweden, the impact of reindeer grazing on arctic and alpine vegetation has recently been re-evaluated. In the 1990s, records of grazing-related vegetation degradation helped to form a ... -
What are the impacts of reindeer/caribou (Rangifer tarandus L.) on arctic and alpine vegetation? A systematic review
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2015-02-23)Background: The reindeer (or caribou, Rangifer tarandus L.) has a natural range extending over much of Eurasia’s and North America’s arctic, alpine and boreal zones, yet its impact on vegetation is still unclear. This lack of a common understanding hampers both the management of wild and semi-domesticated reindeer populations and the preservation of biodiversity. To achieve a common platform, we ... -
Where do the treeless tundra areas of northern highlands fit in the global biome system: toward an ecologically natural subdivision of the tundra biome
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2015-12-15)According to some treatises, arctic and alpine sub-biomes are ecologically similar, whereas others find them highly dissimilar. Most peculiarly, large areas of northern tundra highlands fall outside of the two recent subdivisions of the tundra biome. We seek an ecologically natural resolution to this long-standing and far-reaching problem. We studied broad-scale patterns in climate and ...
